Writing scholarly papers is a tough business; when you plagiarize someone else's work, you not only risk getting a bad grade-you could be expelled. Avoiding Plagiarism helps students to write better papers and avoid mark deduction due to improper citing and referencing. Examples using APA, Chicago, and Harvard citation styles are examined and made easy.
Advance Praise for Avoiding Plagiarism
"Unlike other resources in this area, Dr. Wong's book provides additional information on tools for similarity detection and citation generation. Educators will find this book a valuable resource."
-Professor Wing Lam, Dean, U21Global, Singapore
"Knowing how to cite and reference are fundamental skills which are missing in many graduate students. This book provides those 'missing' skills in an easy, innovative and entertaining way."
-Richard Anthony, Indonesia
"This book provides useful information considering all the queries that may pop-up in a student's mind while attempting to provide citations and references."
-Tasneem Tailor, India Dr.
Table of Content
Foreword................................................................................................................................................................................................. x
Preface....................................................................................................................................................................................................... x
Acknowledgement......................................................................................................................................................................... xii
Chapter 1 - Introduction..................................................................................................... 13
What This Book Is All About................................................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter 2 - Strategies for Avoiding Plagiarism.................................................................. 14
What is Plagiarism?....................................................................................................................................................................... 14
The Problem of Ctrl-C & Ctrl-V.............................................................................................................................................. 15
Using the Turnitin Online Checking Tool....................................................................................................................... 16
Free Online Plagiarism Checking Tool............................................................................................................................. 16
Tackling Discussion Board and Assignment Question.......................................................................................... 17
Chapter 3 - What are In-text Citations?............................................................................. 19
How About Quotes?...................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Chapter 4 - What are References?...................................................................................... 21
How About Footnotes and Endnotes?.............................................................................................................................. 21
Chapter 5 - Online Citation Generator and Software........................................................ 24
Free Online Citation Generators.......................................................................................................................................... 24
BibMe................................................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Son of Citation Machine......................................................................................................................................................... 25
Commercial Online Citation Generators......................................................................................................................... 25
EasyBib............................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
RefWorks......................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Commercial Citation Software............................................................................................................................................... 26
Endnote............................................................................................................................................................................................ 26
Chapter 6 - APA Style.......................................................................................................... 27
APA: Citations - One Author................................................................................................................................................ 27
APA: Citations - Two Authors for the Same Source.............................................................................................. 27
APA: Citations - Three to Five Authors for the Same Source.......................................................................... 27
APA: Citations - Six or More Authors for the Same Source.............................................................................. 28
APA: Citations - Organizational/Group Author...................................................................................................... 28
APA: Citations - No Author................................................................................................................................................... 28
APA: Citations - Paraphrased Information................................................................................................................ 28
APA: Citations - Direct Quotes........................................................................................................................................... 29
APA: Citations - Multiple Citations by the Same Author in Same Paragraph...................................... 29
APA: Citations - Authors With the Same Last Name............................................................................................ 29
APA: Citations - Multiple Authors for Different Source...................................................................................... 29
APA: Citations - Same Author for Different Source, Different Years.......................................................... 30
APA: Citations - Same Author for Different Source, Same Year.................................................................... 30
APA: Citations - Secondary Source.................................................................................................................................. 30
APA: References - Book - One Author............................................................................................................................ 31
APA: References - Book - Same Author, Different Years.................................................................................... 31
APA: References - Book - Same Author, Same Year, Different Months..................................................... 31
APA: References - Book - Two or More Authors...................................................................................................... 31
APA: References - Book - Organizational/Group Author.................................................................................. 32
APA: References - Book - No Author............................................................................................................................... 32
APA: References - Book - No Authors, Only Editors.............................................................................................. 32
APA: References - Book - Edition Other Than the First...................................................................................... 33
APA: References - Book - Chapter or Article in an Edited Book.................................................................... 33
APA: References - Conference Proceedings (Officially Published)............................................................... 33
APA: References - Conference Presentations (Not Officially Published)................................................. 34
APA: References - Data Set................................................................................................................................................... 34
APA: References - Dissertations and Theses - from ERIC Database........................................................... 34
APA: References - Dissertations and Theses - from ProQuest........................................................................ 34
APA: References - Dissertations and Theses - from Institutional Database.......................................... 35
APA: References - Encyclopedia or Dictionary (Online).................................................................................... 35
APA: References - Encyclopedia or Dictionary (Print)....................................................................................... 35
APA: References - Google Books (Online).................................................................................................................... 35
APA: References - Personal Communications........................................................................................................... 36
APA: References - Telephone Interview....................................................................................................................... 36
APA: References - Journal Article with DOI assigned.......................................................................................... 36
APA: References - Journal Article - Retrieved from an Online Subscription Database................... 36
APA: References - Journal Article - (Printed Version)......................................................................................... 37
APA: References - Magazine - No Author.................................................................................................................... 37
APA: References - Magazine - One Author.................................................................................................................. 37
APA: References - Newspaper (Online)........................................................................................................................ 38
APA: References - Newspaper (Print)............................................................................................................................ 38
APA: References - Online Communities (Blogs, Forums, Newsgroups, Social Networking Sites)38
APA: References - Recordings (DVDs, CDs, Tape).................................................................................................. 38
APA: References - Specialized Software with Limited Distribution............................................................ 39
APA: References - Technical and Research Reports (Online)......................................................................... 39
APA: References - Unpublished Academic Paper Retrieved Online............................................................ 39
APA: References - Web Article without Author....................................................................................................... 40
APA: References - Web Article with Author............................................................................................................... 40
APA: References - Youtube Video..................................................................................................................................... 40
Chapter 7 - Chicago Style.................................................................................................... 41
Chicago: Citations - One Author....................................................................................................................................... 41
Chicago: Citations - Two Authors for the Same Source..................................................................................... 42
Chicago: Citations - Three Authors for the Same Source.................................................................................. 42
Chicago: Citations - Four or More Authors for the Same Source................................................................. 42
Chicago: Citations - Organizational/Group Author............................................................................................. 42
Chicago: Citations - No Author.......................................................................................................................................... 43
Chicago: Citations - Paraphrased Information....................................................................................................... 43
Chicago: Citations - Direct Quotes................................................................................................................................... 43
Chicago: Citations - Multiple Citations by the Same Author in Same Paragraph............................. 44
Chicago: Citations - Authors With the Same Last Name................................................................................... 44
Chicago: Citations - Multiple Authors for Different Source............................................................................. 44
Chicago: Citations - Same Author for Different Source, Different Years................................................. 45
Chicago: Citations - Same Author for Different Source, Same Year........................................................... 45
Chicago: Citations - Secondary Source......................................................................................................................... 45
Chicago: References - Book - One Author.................................................................................................................... 46
Chicago: References - Book - Same Author, Different Years........................................................................... 46
Chicago: References - Book - Same Author, Same Year..................................................................................... 47
Chicago: References - Book - Two to Ten Authors................................................................................................. 47
Chicago: References - Book - Eleven or More Authors........................................................................................ 47
Chicago: References - Book - Organizational/Group Author......................................................................... 48
Chicago: References - Book - No Author...................................................................................................................... 48
Chicago: References - Book - No Authors, Only Editors..................................................................................... 48
Chicago: References - Book - Edition Other Than the First............................................................................. 48
Chicago: References - Book - Chapter or Article in an Edited Book........................................................... 49
Chicago: References - Conference Proceedings (Officially Published)...................................................... 49
Chicago: References - Conference Presentations (Not Officially Published)......................................... 49
Chicago: References - Data Set.......................................................................................................................................... 50
Chicago: References - Dissertations and Theses - from ERIC Database................................................... 50
Chicago: References - Dissertations and Theses - from ProQuest................................................................ 50
Chicago: References - Dissertations and Theses - from Institutional Database................................. 51
Chicago: References - Encyclopedia or Dictionary (Online)........................................................................... 51
Chicago: References - Encyclopedia or Dictionary (Print)............................................................................... 51
Chicago: References - Google Books (Online)........................................................................................................... 52
Chicago: References - Interview or Personal Communications.................................................................... 52
Chicago: References - Journal Article with DOI assigned................................................................................. 52
Chicago: References - Journal Article - Retrieved from an Online Subscription Database.......... 52
Chicago: References - Journal Article - (printed version)................................................................................. 53
Chicago: References - Magazine - No Author........................................................................................................... 53
Chicago: References - Magazine - One Author......................................................................................................... 53
Chicago: References - Newspaper (Online)................................................................................................................ 53
Chicago: References - Newspaper (Print)................................................................................................................... 54
Chicago: References - Online Communities (Blogs, Forums, Newsgroups, Social Networking Sites) 54
Chicago: References - Recordings (DVDs, CDs, Tape).......................................................................................... 54
Chicago: References - Specialized Software with Limited Distribution................................................... 54
Chicago: References - Technical and Research Reports (Online)................................................................ 55
Chicago: References - Unpublished Academic Paper Retrieved Online.................................................... 55
Chicago: References - Web Article without Author.............................................................................................. 55
Chicago: References - Web Article with Author...................................................................................................... 56
Chicago: References - Youtube Video............................................................................................................................ 56
Chapter 8 - Harvard Style.................................................................................................... 57
Harvard: Citations - One Author...................................................................................................................................... 57
Harvard: Citations - Two Authors for the Same Source.................................................................................... 57
Harvard: Citations - Three or More Authors for the Same Source.............................................................. 58
Harvard: Citations - Author from an Edited Book................................................................................................ 58
Harvard: Citations - Organizational/Group Author............................................................................................ 58
Harvard: Citations - No Author......................................................................................................................................... 59
Harvard: Citations - Paraphrased Information...................................................................................................... 59
Harvard: Citations - Direct Quotes.................................................................................................................................. 59
Harvard: Citations - Multiple Citations by the Same Author in Same Paragraph............................ 59
Harvard: Citations - Authors With the Same Last Name.................................................................................. 60
Harvard: Citations - Multiple Authors for Different Source............................................................................ 60
Harvard: Citations - Same Author for Different Source, Different Years................................................ 60
Harvard: Citations - Same Author for Different Source, Same Year.......................................................... 61
Harvard: Citations - Secondary Source........................................................................................................................ 61
Harvard: Citations - Multimedia works....................................................................................................................... 61
Harvard: References - Book - One Author................................................................................................................... 61
Harvard: References - Book - Same Author, Different Years.......................................................................... 62
Harvard: References - Book - Same Author, Same Year.................................................................................... 62
Harvard: References - Book - Two or More Authors............................................................................................ 62
Harvard: References - Book - Organizational/Group Author........................................................................ 63
Harvard: References - Book - No Author..................................................................................................................... 63
Harvard: References - Book - No Authors, Only Editors.................................................................................... 63
Harvard: References - Book - Edition Other Than the First............................................................................ 64
Harvard: References - Book - Chapter or Article in an Edited Book.......................................................... 64
Harvard: References - Book - Translated from Other Language................................................................. 64
Harvard: References - Conference Proceedings (Officially Published)..................................................... 64
Harvard: References - Conference Presentations (Not Officially Published)........................................ 65
Harvard: References - Data Set......................................................................................................................................... 65
Harvard: References - Dissertations and Theses - from ERIC Database.................................................. 65
Harvard: References - Dissertations and Theses - from ProQuest............................................................... 66
Harvard: References - Dissertations and Theses - from Institutional Database................................ 66
Harvard: References - Encyclopedia or Dictionary (Online).......................................................................... 66
Harvard: References - Encyclopedia or Dictionary (Print)............................................................................. 67
Harvard: References - Google Books (Online).......................................................................................................... 67
Harvard: References - Interview or Personal Communications................................................................... 67
Harvard: References - Journal Article with DOI assigned................................................................................ 67
Harvard: References - Journal Article - Retrieved from an Online Subscription Database......... 68
Harvard: References - Journal Article - (Printed Version)............................................................................... 68
Harvard: References - Magazine - No Author.......................................................................................................... 68
Harvard: References - Magazine - One Author........................................................................................................ 69
Harvard: References - Newspaper - Online................................................................................................................ 69
Harvard: References - Newspaper - Print................................................................................................................... 69
Harvard: References - Online Communities (Blogs, Forums, Newsgroups, Social Networking Sites) 69
Harvard: References - Recordings (DVDs, CDs, Tape)......................................................................................... 70
Harvard: References - Specialized Software with Limited Distribution.................................................. 70
Harvard: References - Technical and Research Reports (Online)............................................................... 70
Harvard: References - Unpublished Academic Paper Retrieved Online................................................... 71
Harvard: References - Web Article without Author............................................................................................. 71
Harvard: References - Web Article with Author..................................................................................................... 71
Harvard: References - Youtube Video........................................................................................................................... 71
Epilogue............................................................................................................................... 73
Bibliography........................................................................................................................ 74